Organic polymer for anti-reflective coating layer and preparation thereof

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides a polymer that can be used as an anti-refelctive coating (ARC) polymer, an ARC composition comprising the same, methods for producing the same, and methods for using the same. The polymer of the present invention is particularly useful in a submicrolithographic process, for example, using KrF (248 nm) or ArF (193 nm) lasers as a light source. The polymer of the present invention comprises a chromophore that is capable of absorbing light at the wavelengths used in a submicrolithographic process. Thus, the ARC of the present invention significantly reduces or prevents back reflection of light and the problem of the CD alteration caused by the diffracted and/or reflected light. The ARC of the present invention also significantly reduces or eliminates the standing wave effect and reflective notching. Therefore, the polymer of the present invention can be used to produce a stable ultrafine pattern that is suitable in manufacturing of 64M, 256M, 1G, 4G and 16G DRAM semiconductor devices. Moreover, the ARC of the present invention significantly improves the production yield of such semiconductor devices.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention

[0002] The present invention relates to an anti-reflective polymer that is useful in a submicrolithographic process, a composition comprising the polymer, and a method for preparing the same. In particular, the present invention relates to a polymer that can be used in an anti-reflective coating layer to reduce or prevent back reflection of light and/or to eliminate the standing waves in the photoresist layer during a submicrolithographic process. The present invention also relates to a composition comprising the polymer, and a method for using the same.

[0003] 2. Description of the Prior Art

[0004] In most submicrolithographic processes standing waves and/or reflective notching of the waves typically occur due to the optical properties of the lower layer coated on a substrate and/or due to changes in the thickness of a photosensitive (i.e., photoresist) film applied thereon. In addition, typical submicrolithographic processes suffer from a problem of CD (critical dimension) alteration caused by diffracted and/or reflected light from the lower layer.

[0005] One possible solution is to apply an anti-reflective coating (i.e., ARC) between the substrate and the photosensitive film. Useful ARCs have a high absorbance of the light wavelengths that are used in submicrolithographic processes. ARCs can be an inorganic an organic material, and they are generally classified as “absorptive” or “interfering” depending on the mechanism. For a microlithographic process using I-line (365 nm wavelength) radiation, inorganic anti-reflective films are generally used. Typically, TiN or amorphous carbon (amorphous-C) materials are used for an absorptive ARC and SiON materials are typically used for an interfering ARC.

[0006] SiON-based anti-reflective films have also been adapted for submicrolithographic processes that use a KrF light source. Recently, use of an organic compound as ARC has been investigated. It is generally believed that an organic compound based ARCs are particularly useful in submicrolithographic processes, in particular those using an ArF light source.

[0007] In order to be useful as an ARC, an organic compound needs to have many diverse and desirable physical properties. For example, a cured ARC should not be soluble in solvents because dissolution of the organic ARC can cause the photoresist composition layer to peel-off in a lithographic process. One method for reducing the solubility of cured ARC is to include cross-linking moieties such that when cured the ARC becomes cross-linked and becomes insoluble in most solvents used in lithographic processes. In addition, there should be minimum amount of migration (i.e., diffusion), if at all, of materials, such as acids and/or amines, to and from the ARC. If acids migrate from the ARC to an unexposed area of the positive photoresist film, the photosensitive pattern is undercut. If bases, such as amines, diffuse from the ARC to an unexposed area of the positive photoresist film a footing phenomenon occurs. Moreover, ARC should have a faster etching rate than the upper photosensitive (i.e., photoresist) film to allow the etching process to be conducted smoothly with the photosensitive film serving as a mask. Preferably, an organic ARC should be as thin as possible and have an excellent light reflection prevention property.

[0008] While a variety of ARC materials are currently available, none of these materials is useful in ArF laser submicrolithographic processes. In the absence of an ARC, the irradiated light penetrates into the photoresist film and is back reflected or scattered from its lower layers or the surface of the substrate (e.g., semiconductor chip), which affects the resolution and/or the formation of a photoresist pattern.

[0009] Therefore, there is a need for an ARC material which have a high absorbance of the wavelengths used in submicrolithographic processes.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0010] It is an object of the present invention to provide an organic polymer that can be used as an ARC material for submicrolithography using the ArF laser (193 nm) and KrF laser (248 nm).

[0011] It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for preparing an organic polymer that reduces or prevents diffusion and/or light reflection in submicrolithography.

[0012] It is a further object of the present invention to provide an ARC composition comprising such an organic diffusion/reflection preventing or reducing polymer and a method for producing the same.

[0013] It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a photoresist pattern with reduced standing wave effect using a submicrolithographic process.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0014] One aspect of the present invention provides an acrylate derivative polymer, an ARC composition comprising the same, and a method for using the same. In one particular embodiment, the polymer of the present invention comprises a chromophore which has a high absorbance at 193 nm and 248 nm wavelengths.

[0015] ARC compositions of the present invention can comprise a mixture polymers which include cross-linking moieties such that the polymers become cross-linked (i.e., cured) when heated (or “hard baked”). Cross-linking moieties can comprise an alcohol group and other functional group that is capable of reacting with the alcohol group to form a cross-linkage. It is believed that cross-linking of the polymer significantly improves the adhesiveness and the dissolution properties of the ARC compositions.

[0016] As will be described in more detail later, the monomer is economically favorable because of its low cost. In addition, the monomer is designed to polymerize through a simple reaction, thus being suitable for the mass production of the polymer.

[0017] Uncured polymers of the present invention are soluble in most hydrocarbon solvents; however, cured polymers are substantially insoluble in most solvents. Thus, polymers of the present invention can be easily coated onto a substrate and are capable of preventing undercutting and footing problems that can occur during a photoresist pattern formation process on photosensitive materials (i.e., photoresist compositions). Moreover, ARCs of the present invention have a higher etching rate than conventional photosensitive films resulting in an improved etching ratio between ARCs and photosensitive films, i.e., higher etching selectivity.

[0018] One embodiment of the present invention provides an ARC polymer selected from the group consisting of a polymer of the formula:

[0019] and mixtures thereof, wherein

[0020] each of R¹ and R³ is independently C₁-C₅ alkylene;

[0021] each of R², R⁴ and R⁶ is independently hydrogen or alkyl;

[0022] R₅ and R⁸ are alkyl;

[0023] R⁷ is hydrogen or alkyl;

[0024] x, y and z are mole fractions, each of which is in the range of from about 0.01 to about 0.99. Alkyl groups according to the present invention are aliphatic hydrocarbons which can be straight or branched chain groups.

[0025] Preferably R¹ is methylene. Preferably each of R², R⁴ and R⁶ is independently hydrogen or methyl. Preferably R⁵ and R⁸ are methyl. Preferably R³ is ethylene, propylene, or butylene. Preferably R⁷ is hydrogen or methyl, more preferably R⁷ is hydrogen.

[0026] The polymer of Formula 1 can be prepared by polymerizing a mixture of monomers comprising a 9-anthracenealkylacrylate compound of the formula:

[0027] and a hydroxyalkylacrylate compound of the formula:

[0028] under conditions sufficient to produce the polymer of Formula 1, where R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ are those defined above. Each monomer in the mixture is present in a mole fraction amount of from about 0.01 to about 0.99.

[0029] The polymer of Formula 2 can be produced by polymerizing a mixture of monomers comprising a 9-anthracenealkyl acrylate compound of Formula 1A above, a hydroxyalkylacrylate compound of Formula 1B above, and an alkyl acrylate compound of the formula:

[0030] wherein R⁵ and R⁶ are those defined above. Each monomer in the mixture is present in a mole fraction amount of from about 0.01 to about 0.99.

[0031] The hydroxyalkylacrylate compound of Formula 1B and the alkylacrylate compound of Formula 1C are commercially available or can be readily prepared by those skilled in the art.

[0032] The polymer of Formula 3 can be produced by polymerizing a monomer of the formula:

[0033] under conditions sufficient to produce a poly(acrolein) polymer of the formula:

[0034] and contacting the poly(acrolein) polymer with an alcohol of the formula R⁸OH under conditions sufficient to produce the poly(acroleinalkylacetal) of Formula 3, wherein R⁷ and R⁸ are those defined above. The alcohol can be a mixture of different alcohols (e.g., each R⁸ of the poly(acroleinalkylacetal) of Formula 3 is different) or a homogeneous alcohol system (i.e., only one type of alcohol is present). For example, a solution of (meth)acrolein in an organic solvent is polymerized in the presence of a polymerization initiator, after which the resulting polymeric product is reacted with methanol in the presence of an acid catalyst, e.g., trifluoromethylsulfonic acid.

[0035] Polymerization reactions disclosed above for preparation of polymers of Formula 1, 2, and 3 can include a polymerization initiator. Suitable polymerization initiators are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art including polymerization initiators that are used in conventional radical polymerization reactions such as 2,2,-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), acetylperoxide, laurylperoxide and t-butylperoxide.

[0036] Polymerization reactions disclosed above for preparation of polymers of Formula 1, 2, and 3 can also include a polymerization solvent. Suitable polymerization solvents are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art. Exemplary polymerization solvents include organic solvents that are used in conventional polymerization reaction. Preferably, the polymerization solvent is selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran, toluene, benzene, methylethyl ketone and dioxane.

[0037] Polymerization reactions disclosed above for preparation of polymers of Formula 1, 2, and 3 is preferably carried out at temperature in the range of from about 50° C. to about 90° C.

[0038] The 9-anthracenealkylacrylate compound which is useful in preparation of polymers of Formula 1 and 2 can be synthesized by reacting 9-anthracenealkyl alcohol with activated acryloyl compound, e.g., acryloylchloride or acryloyl anhydride, or other similarly activated acryloyl compounds known to one of ordinary skill in the art. Preparation of the 9-anthracenealkylacrylate compound is typically conducted in an inert organic solvent.

[0039] Another aspect of the present invention provides an ARC composition comprising the polymer of Formula 1, 2, or 3, and a method for producing the same. Yet another aspect of the present invention provides an ARC composition comprising the polymer of Formula 1 or 2 in combination with the polymer of Formula 3, and a method for producing the same.

[0040] The ARC composition of the present invention can also include an additive selected from the group consisting of anthracene, 9-anthracenemethanol, 9-anthracenecarbonitrile, 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid, dithranol, 1,2,10-anthracenetriol, anthraflavonic acid, 9-anthraldehydeoxime, 9-anthraldehyde, 2-amino-7-methyl-5-oxo-5H-[1]benzopyrono[2,3-b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile, 1-aminoanthraquinone, anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid, 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone, anthrone, 9-anthryltrifluoromethyl ketone, 9-alkylanthracene derivative of the formula:

[0041] 9-carboxylanthracene derivative of the formula:

[0042] 1-carboxylanthracene derivative of the formula:

[0043] and mixtures thereof,

[0044] wherein

[0045] each of R^(a), R^(b), and R^(c) is independently hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C₁-C₅ alkyl, or alkoxyalkyl.

[0046] In one particular embodiment of the present invention, a mixture of the polymer of Formula 3 and either the polymer of Formula 1 or 2 are combined in an organic solvent. Additive described above can be also added, typically in the amount ranging from about 0.1% by weight to about 30% by weight. The solution can optionally be filtered prior to being coated on to a substrate.

[0047] While any conventional organic solvents can be used in the ARC composition, preferred organic solvents include ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, cyclohexanone, and propylene glycol methyletheracetate. The solvent is preferably used in the amount ranging from about 200 to about 5,000% by weight based on the total weight of the ARC polymers used.

[0048] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for producing an ARC coated substrate. In one particular embodiment, a substrate (e.g., wafter) is coated with any one of the ARC composition described above. The coated substrate is then cured (i.e., heated or hard-baked) to produce the ARC coated substrate. Without being bound by any theory, it is believed that when heated the ARC polymers become cross-linked producing a film. The cross-linked structure allows the formation of the photosensitive film under optically stable exposure conditions. Preferably the coated substrate is heated to temperature in the range of from about 100 to about 300° C. for a period of from about 10 sec to about 1,000 sec.

[0049] It has been found by the present inventors that the ARCs of the present invention exhibit high performance in submicrolithographic processes, in particular using KrF (248 nm), ArF (193 nm) and F₂ (157 nm) lasers as light sources. In addition, the ARCs of the present invention also exhibit high performance in photolithographic processes using E-beams (157 nm), EUV (extremely ultraviolet), and ion beams as light sources.

[0050] Additional objects, advantages, and novel features of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following examples thereof, which are not intended to be limiting.

EXAMPLE I Synthesis of Poly[9-Anthracenemethylacrylate-(2-Hydroxyethylacrylate)] Binary Copolymer Synthesis of 9-Anthracenemethylacrylate

[0051] To a solution of tetrahydrofuran was added 0.5 mole of 9-anthracenemethanol, 0.5 mole of pyridine, and 0.5 mole of acryloyl chloride. After completion of the reaction, the product was filtered, dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with water, and concentrated by distillation under vacuum to give 9-anthracenemethylacrylate of Formula 7. Yield 85%.

Synthesis of Poly[9-Anthracenemethylacrylate/2-Hydroxyethylacrylate] Copolymer

[0052] To a 500 ml round-bottom flask was added 0.5 mole of 9-anthracenemethylacrylate, 0.5 mole of 2-hydroxyethylacrylate, 300 g of tetrahydrofuran (THF), and 0.1-3 g of 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). The resulting solution was stirred at 60-75° C. for 5-20 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was precipitated in ethyl ether or n-hexane. The precipitate was filtered and dried to provide poly[9-anthracenemethylacrylate/2-hydroxyethylacrylate] polymer of the Formula 12. Yield: 82%.

EXAMPLE II Synthesis of Poly[9-Anthracenemethylacrylate/3-Hydroxypropylacrylate] Copolymer

[0053] To a 500 ml round-bottom flask was added 0.5 mole of 9-anthracenemethylacrylate (prepared according to the procedure of Example I), 0.5 mole of 3-hydroxypropylacrylate, 300 g of THF, and 0.1-3 g of AIBN. The resulting solution was stirred at 60-75° C. for 5-20 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was precipitated in ethyl ether or n-hexane. The precipitate was filtered and dried to produce poly[9-anthracenemethylacrylate/3-hydroxypropylacrylate] copolymer of the Formula 9. Yield: 83%.

EXAMPLE III Synthesis of Poly[9-Anthracenemethylacrylate/4-Hydroxybutylacrylate] Copolymer

[0054] To a 500 ml round-bottom flask was added 0.5 mole of 9-anthracenemethylacrylate, 0.5 mole of 4-hydroxybutylacrylate, 300 g of THF, and 0.1-3 g of AIBN. The resulting solution was stirred at 60-75° C. for 5-20 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was precipitated in ethyl ether or n-hexane. The precipitate was filtered and dried to provide poly[9-anthracenemethylacrylate/4-hydroxybutylacrylate] copolymer of Formula 10. Yield: 80%.

EXAMPLE IV Synthesis of Poly[9-Anthracenemethylmethacrylate/2-Hydroxyethylacrylate] Copolymer Synthesis of 9-Anthracenemethylmethacrylate

[0055] To a solution of THF was added 0.5 mole of 9-anthracene methanol, 0.5 mole of pyridine, and 0.5 mole of methacryloyl chloride. After completion of the reaction, the product was filtered, dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with water, and concentrated by distillation under vacuum to afford 9-anthracenemethylmethacrylate of Formula 11. Yield: 83%.

Synthesis of Poly[9-Anthracenemethylmethacrylate/2-Hydroxyethylacrylate] Copolymer

[0056] To a 500 ml round-bottom flask was added 0.5 mole of 9-anthracenemethylmethacrylate, 0.5 mole of 2-hydroxyethylacrylate, 300 g of THF, and 0.1-3 g of AIBN. The resulting solution was stirred at 60-75° C. for 5-20 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was precipitated in ethyl ether or n-hexane. The precipitate was filtered and dried to provide poly[9-anthracenemethylmethacrylate/2-hydroxyethylacrylate] copolymer of Formula 12. Yield: 79%.

EXAMPLE V Synthesis of Poly[9-Anthracenemethylmethacrylate/3-Hydroxypropylacrylate] Copolymer

[0057] To a 500 ml round-bottom flask was added 0.5 mole of 9-anthracenemethylmethacrylate, 0.5 mole of 3-hydroxypropylacrylate, 300 g of THF, and 0.1-3 g of AIBN. The resulting solution was stirred at 60-75° C. for 5-20 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was precipitated in ethyl ether or n-hexane. The precipitate was filtered and dried to provide poly[9-anthracenemethylmethacrylate/3-hydroxypropylacrylate] copolymer of Formula 13. Yield: 85%.

EXAMPLE VI Synthesis of Poly[9-Anthracenemethylmethacrylate/4-Hydroxybutylacrylate] Copolymer

[0058] To a 500 ml round-bottom flask was added 0.5 mole of 9-anthracenemethylmethacrylate, 0.5 mole of 4-hydroxybutylacrylate, 300 g of THF, and 0.1-3 g of AIBN. The resulting solution was stirred at 60-75° C. for 5-20 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was precipitated in ethyl ether or n-hexane. The precipitate was filtered and dried to provide poly[9-anthracenemethylmethacrylate/4-hydroxybutylacrylate] copolymer of Formula 14. Yield: 82%.

EXAMPLE VII Synthesis of Poly[9-Anthracenemethylacrylate/2-Hydroxyethylacrylate/methylmethacrylate] Copolymer

[0059] To a 500 ml round-bottom flask was added 0.3 mole of 9-anthracenemethylacrylate, 0.5 mole of 2-hydroxyethylacrylate, 0.2 mole of methylmethacrylate, 300 g of THF, and 0.1-3 g of AIBN. The resulting solution was stirred at 60-75° C. for 5-20 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was precipitated in ethyl ether or n-hexane. The precipitate was filtered and dried to provide poly[9-anthracenemethylacrylate/2-hydroxyethylacrylate/methylmethacrylate] copolymer of Formula 15. Yield: 81%.

EXAMPLE VIII Synthesis of Poly[9-Anthracenemethylacrylate/3-Hydroxypropylacrylate/methylmethacrylate] Copolymer

[0060] To a 500 ml round-bottom flask was added 0.3 mole of 9-anthracenemethylacrylate, 0.5 mole of 3-hydroxypropylacrylate, 0.2 mole of methylmethacrylate, 300 g of THF, and 0.1-3 g of AIBN. The resulting solution was stirred at 60-75° C. for 5-20 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was precipitated in ethyl ether or n-hexane. The precipitate was filtered and dried to provide poly[9-anthracenemethylacrylate/3-hydroxypropylacrylate/methylmethacrylate] copolymer of Formula 16. Yield: 82%.

EXAMPLE IX Synthesis of Poly[9-Anthracenemethylacrylate/4-Hydroxybutylacrylate/methylmethacrylate] Copolymer

[0061] To a 500 ml round-bottom flask was added 0.3 mole of 9-anthracenemethylacrylate, 0.5 mole of 4-hydroxybutylacrylate, 0.2 mole of methylmethacrylate, 300 g of THF, and 0.1-3 g of AIBN. The resulting solution was stirred at 60-75° C. for 5-20 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was precipitated in ethyl ether or n-hexane. The precipitate was filtered and dried to provide poly[9-anthracenemethylacrylate/4-hydroxybutylacrylate/methylmethacrylate] copolymer of Formula 17. Yield: 80%.

EXAMPLE X Synthesis of Poly[9-Anthracenemethylmethacrylate/2-Hydroxyethylacrylate/methylmethacrylate] Copolymer

[0062] To a 500 ml round-bottom flask was added 0.3 mole of 9-anthracenemethylmethacrylate, 0.5 mole of 2-hydroxyethylacrylate, 0.2 mole of methylmethacrylate, 300 g of THF, and 0.1-3 g of AIBN. The resulting solution was stirred at 60-75° C. for 5-20 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was precipitated in ethyl ether or n-hexane. The precipitate was filtered and dried to provide poly[9-anthracenemethylmethacrylate/2-hydroxyethylacrylate/methylmethacrylate] copolymer of Formula 18. Yield: 82%.

EXAMPLE XI Synthesis of Poly[9-Anthracenemethylmethacrylate/3-Hydroxypropylacrylate/methylmethacrylate] Copolymer

[0063] To a 500 ml round-bottom flask was added 0.3 mole of 9-anthracenemethylmethacrylate, 0.5 mole of 3-hydroxypropylacrylate, 0.2 mole of methylmethacrylate, 300 g of THF, and 0.1-3 g of AIBN. The resulting solution was stirred at 60-75° C. for 5-20 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was precipitated in ethyl ether or n-hexane. The precipitate was filtered and dried to provide poly[9-anthracenemethylmethacrylate/3-hydroxypropylacrylate/methylmethacrylate] copolymer of Formula 19. Yield: 81%.

EXAMPLE XII Synthesis of Poly[9-Anthracenemethylmethacrylate/4-Hydroxybutylacrylate/methylmethacrylate] Copolymer

[0064] To a 500 ml round-bottom flask was added 0.3 mole of 9-anthracenemethylmethacrylate, 0.5 mole of 4-hydroxybutylacrylate, 0.2 mole of methylmethacrylate, 300 g of THF, and 0.1-3 g of AIBN. The resulting solution was stirred at 60-75° C. for 5-20 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was precipitated in ethyl ether or n-hexane. The precipitate was filtered and dried to provide poly[9-anthracenemethylmethacrylate/4-hydroxybutylacrylate/methylmethacrylate] copolymer of Formula 20. Yield: 80%.

EXAMPLE XIII Synthesis of Polyacrolein Polymer

[0065] To a 500 ml round-bottom flask was added 0.5 moles of acrolein, 50 g of THF and 0.1-3 g of AIBN. The resulting solution was stirred at 60-75° C. for 5-20 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was precipitated by adding ethyl ether or n-hexane. The precipitate was filtered and dried to provide polyacrolein polymer. Yield: 86%.

[0066] Polyacrolein (10 g) was dissolved in methanol and stirred at 80° C. for 24 hours to give poly(acroleinmethylacetal) of Formula 3, where R⁷ is hydrogen and R⁸ is methyl. Yield 90%.

EXAMPLE XIV Preparation of Arc

[0067] A polymer of Formula 1 or 2, prepared in any of Examples I to XII, and a polymer of Formula 3, prepared in Example XIII, were dissolved in propyleneglycol methylether acetate (PGMEA). This solution, in combination with 0.1-30% by weight of at least one additive described above, was filtered, coated on a wafer, and hard-baked at 100-300° C. for 10-1,000 sec to form an ARC. A photosensitive material (i.e., photoresist composition) can be applied on the ARC and imaged to form an ultrafine pattern using a submicrolithographic process.

[0068] Containing a chromophore, as described heretofore, the ARC of the present invention exhibits excellent absorbance at the wavelengths useful for submicrolithography.

[0069] In particular, excellent cross-linking reaction efficiency and storage stability are realized in the present invention. Additionally, the uncured ARC resin of the present invention are soluble in substantially all hydrocarbon solvents, but the cured ARC resin of the present invention is substantially insoluble in most hydrocarbon solvents. Thus, the ARC resin of the present invention can be coated readily onto a substrate, and the resulting cured coating prevents undercutting and footing problems which can occur when forming images on photosensitive materials in the absence of such an ARC coating. Because the ARC polymer (i.e., resin) of the present invention consists of acrylate polymers, the coating layer has higher etching rate than photosensitive films resulting in a high etch selection ratio.

[0070] ARCs of the present invention are useful in forming an ultrafine pattern on a substrate using a submicrolithographic process, for example, using KrF (248 nm) or ArF (193 nm) lasers as light sources. ARCs of the present invention allow formation of stable ultrafine patterns that are suitable for 64M, 256M, 1G, 4G and 16G DRAM semiconductor devices and greatly improves the production yield of these devices.

[0071] The present invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood the terminology used is intended to be in the nature of description rather than of limitation. Many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. Therefore, it is to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound of the Formula:

wherein R¹ is alkylene; and R² is hydrogen or alkyl.
 2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R¹ is methylene.
 3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R² is hydrogen or methyl.
 4. A method for preparing a 9-anthracenealkyl acrylate compound of the formula:

said method comprising the steps of contacting 9-anthracene alkyl alcohol of the formula:

with an activated acryloyl compound of the formula:

under conditions sufficient to produce said 9-anthracenealkyl acrylate compound, wherein X is a carbonyl activating group; R¹ is alkylene; and R² is hydrogen or alkyl.
 5. The method of claim 4 , wherein R¹ is methylene, R² is hydrogen or methyl, and X is halide.
 6. A polymer of the formula:

wherein each of R¹ and R³ is independently C₁-C₅ alkylene; each of R² and R⁴ is independent hydrogen or alkyl; and x and y are mole fractions, each of which is in the range from 0.01 to 0.99.
 7. The polymer of claim 6 , wherein R¹ is methylene; R² and R⁴ are hydrogen; R³ is ethylene, propylene, or butylene; and each of x and y is 0.5.
 8. The polymer of claim 6 , wherein R¹ is methylene; R² is methyl; R⁴ is hydrogen; R³ is ethylene, propylene, or butylene; and each of x and y is 0.5.
 9. A method for producing a polymer of the formula:

said method comprising the steps of polymerizing a mixture of monomers under conditions sufficient to produce said polymer, wherein said mixture of monomers comprises: 9-anthracenealkylacrylate compound of the formula:

 and a hydroxyalkylacrylate compound of the formula:

 wherein each of R¹ and R³ is independently C₁-C₅ alkylene; each of R² and R⁴ is independent hydrogen or alkyl; and x and y are mole fractions, each of which is in the range from 0.01 to 0.99.
 10. The method of claim 9 , wherein said mixture of monomers further comprises a polymerization initiator.
 11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said polymerization initiator is selected from the group consisting of 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile, acetylperoxide, laurylperoxide, and t-butylperoxide.
 12. The method of claim 9 , wherein said mixture of monomers further comprises a solvent.
 13. The method of claim 12 , wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran, toluene, benzene, methylethyl ketone and dioxane.
 14. The method of claim 9 further comprising the steps of heating said mixture of monomers to temperature in the range of from about 50° C. to about 90° C.
 15. A polymer of the formula:

wherein R¹ is alkylene; each of R², R⁴ and R⁶ is independently hydrogen or alkyl; R³ is C₁-C₅ alkylene; R⁵ is alkyl; and x, y and z are mole fractions, each of which is in the range of from about 0.01 to about 0.99.
 16. The polymer of claim 15 , wherein R² and R⁴ are hydrogen; R⁵ and R⁶ are methyl; R³ is ethylene, propylene, or butylene; R¹ is methylene; and the ratio of x, y and z is 0.3:0.5:0.2.
 17. The polymer of claim 15 , wherein R¹ is methylene; R², R⁴ and R⁵ are methyl; R⁶ is hydrogen; R³ is ethylene, propylene, or butylene; and the ratio of x, y and z is 0.3:0.5:0.2.
 18. A method for producing a polymer of the formula:

said method comprising the steps of polymerizing a mixture of monomers under conditions sufficient to produce said polymer, wherein said mixture of monomers comprises: 9-anthracenealkylacrylate compound of the formula:

a hydroxyalkylacrylate compound of the formula:

an alkyl acrylate compound of the formula:

 wherein R¹ is alkylene; each of R², R⁴ and R⁶ is independently hydrogen or alkyl; R³ is C₁-C₅ alkylene; R⁵ is alkyl; and x, y and z are mole fractions, each of which is in the range of from about 0.01 to about 0.99.
 19. The method of claim 18 , wherein said mixture of monomers further comprises a polymerization initiator.
 20. The method of claim 19 , wherein said initiator is selected from the group consisting of 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile, acetylperoxide, laurylperoxide, and t-butylperoxide.
 21. The method of claim 18 , wherein said mixture of monomers further comprises a solvent.
 22. The method of claim 21 , wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran, toluene, benzene, methylethyl ketone and dioxane.
 23. The method of claim 18 further comprising the steps of heating said mixture of monomers to temperature in the range of from about 50° C. to about 90° C.
 24. A poly[acroleinalkylacetal] polymer of the formula:

wherein R⁷ is hydrogen or alkyl; and R⁸ is alkyl.
 25. The poly[acroleinalkylacetal] polymer of claim 24 , wherein R⁷ is hydrogen or methyl; and R⁸ is methyl.
 26. A method for preparing a poly(acroleinalkylacetal) of the formula:

said method comprising the steps of polymerizing a monomer of the formula:

under conditions sufficient to produce a poly(acrolein) polymer of the formula:

contacting said poly(acrolein) polymer with an alcohol of the formula R⁸OH under conditions sufficient to produce said poly(acroleinalkylacetal), wherein R⁷ is hydrogen or alkyl; and R⁸ is alkyl.
 27. The method of claim 26 , wherein said polymerization step further comprises adding a polymerization initiator to said monomer.
 28. The method of claim 27 , wherein said initiator is selected from the group consisting of 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile, acetylperoxide, laurylperoxide, and t-butylperoxide.
 29. The method of claim 26 , wherein said monomer is dissolved in a solvent.
 30. The method of claim 29 , wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran, toluene, benzene, methylethyl ketone and dioxane.
 31. The method of claim 26 , wherein said polymerization step comprises heating said monomer to temperature in the range of from about 50° C. to about 90° C.
 32. The method of claim 26 , wherein said poly(acroleinalkylacetal) is precipitated in ethyl ether.
 33. An anti-reflective coating composition suitable for use in fabrication of semiconductor devices, comprising a polymer of the formula:

wherein each of R¹ and R³ is independently C₁-C₅ alkylene; each of R², R⁴ and R⁶ is independently hydrogen or alkyl; R⁵ is alkyl; and x, y and z are mole fractions, each of which is in the range of from about 0.01 to about 0.99.
 34. The anti-reflective coating composition of claim 33 , further comprising an additive selected from the group consisting of anthracene, 9-anthracenemethanol, 9-anthracenecarbonitrile, 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid, dithranol, 1,2,10-anthracenetriol, anthraflavonic acid, 9-anthraldehydeoxime, 9-anthraldehyde, 2-amino-7-methyl-5-oxo-5H-[1]benzopyrono [2,3-b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile, 1-aminoanthraquinone, anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid, 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone, anthrone, 9-anthryltrifluoromethyl ketone, 9-alkylanthracene derivative of the formula:

9-carboxylanthracene derivative of the formula:

1-carboxylanthracene derivative of the formula 6:

and mixtures thereof, wherein each of R^(a), R^(b), and R^(c) is independently hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C₁-C₅ alkyl, or alkoxyalkyl.
 35. The anti-reflective coating composition of claim 33 , further comprising a poly[acroleinalkylacetal] polymer of the formula:

wherein R⁷ is hydrogen or alkyl; and R⁸ is alkyl.
 36. A method for producing an anti-reflective polymer coated substrate comprising the steps of: (a) coating an anti-reflective coating composition on a substrate, wherein said anti-reflective coating composition comprises an anti-reflective coating polymer of the formula:

 wherein each of R¹ and R³ is independently C₁-C₅ alkylene; each of R², R⁴ and R⁶ is independently hydrogen or alkyl; R⁵ is alkyl; and x, y and z are mole fractions, each of which is in the range of from about 0.01 to about 0.99; and (b) curing said anti-reflective coating polymer to produce said anti-reflective coating coated substrate.
 37. The method of claim 36 , wherein said anti-reflective coating composition further comprises a poly[acroleinalkylacetal] polymer of the formula:

wherein R⁷ is hydrogen or alkyl; and R⁸ is alkyl.
 38. The method of claim 36 , wherein said anti-reflective coating composition further comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of anthracene, 9-anthracenemethanol, 9-anthracenecarbonitrile, 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid, dithranol, 1,2,10-anthracenetriol, anthraflavonic acid, 9-anthraldehydeoxime, 9-anthraldehyde, 2-amino-7-methyl-5-oxo-5H-[1]benzopyrono[2,3-b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile, 1-aminoanthraquinone, anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid, 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone, anthrone, 9-anthryltrifluoromethyl ketone, 9-alkylanthracene derivative of the formula:

9-carboxylanthracene derivative of the formula:

1-carboxylanthracene derivative of the formula 6:

and mixtures thereof, wherein each of R^(a), R^(b), and R^(c) is independently hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C₁-C₅ alkyl, or alkoxyalkyl.
 39. The method of claim 36 further comprising the steps of producing said anti-reflective coating composition, wherein said anti-reflective coating composition producing step comprises (i) admixing said anti-reflective coating polymer with an organic solvent; and (ii) filtering said admixture.
 40. The method of claim 39 , wherein said organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, cyclohexanone, and propylene glycol methyletheracetate.
 41. The method of claim 36 , wherein said curing step comprises heating said coated substrate to temperature in the range of from about 100° C. to about 300° C.
 42. A semiconductor device produced by a method of claim 36 . 